Navigating methodological perspectives in Doctoral research through creative practice

Two examples of research in crafts

Forfattere

  • Kirstine Riis University of Southeast Norway
  • Camilla Groth University of Southeast Norway and Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.3704

Emneord (Nøkkelord):

Doctoral study, research methodology, creative practices, craft research, experiential knowledge, Embodied making

Sammendrag

Academic research in crafts, conducted by crafts persons from an insider perspective and through practice-led approaches, is still just emerging and ways of conducting research is developing with each research project. Through this article, we try to navigate the field from a doctoral candidate’s perspective, presenting the research field and some central issues commonly confronted with in regards to epistemology, methodology and methods. We exemplify the arguments made through our own doctoral projects to make our points more concrete. The article discusses the methodological perspectives of these research projects, how and why they developed and changed over time and influences posed by outer circumstances. We especially point to the challenges and opportunities of practice-led research in crafts and highlight the relevance and type of contribution to be had and its meaningfulness for the practice field and related education.

Forfatterbiografier

Kirstine Riis, University of Southeast Norway

Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge
Fakultet for humaniora, idretts- og utdanningsvitenskap
Institutt for estetiske fag

Camilla Groth, University of Southeast Norway and Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg

Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge
Fakultet for humaniora, idretts- og utdanningsvitenskap
Institutt for estetiske fag
 
Göteborgs universitet
Institutionen för kulturvård

Referanser

Aktaş, B. M., & Mäkelä, M. (2019). Negotiation between the maker and material: Observations on material interactions in felting studio. International Journal of Design, 13(2), 55–67. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/3267/857

Almevik, G. (2019). Hantverksvetenskap och vetenskapligt hantverk. Om utvärdering av lärandemål i hantverksinriktad högskoleutbildning [Science in crafts and the craft of science: Craft-oriented programs in Swedish national higher education assessments]. FormAkademisk, 12(1), 1–14.

https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.2310

Baarts, C. (2010). Autoetnografi. [Autoethnography.] In S. Brinkmann & L. Tangaard (Eds.), Kvalitative metoder . [Qualitative methods.] (pp. 153–164). Hans Reizels Forlag.

Biggs, M., & Büchler, D. (2011). Transdisciplinarity and new paradigm research. In I. Doucet & N. Janssens (Eds.), Transdisciplinary knowledge production in architecture and urbanism (pp. 63–68). Springer.

Biggs, M., & Karlsson, H. (2011). Evaluating quality in artistic research. In M. Biggs & H. Karlsson (Eds.), The Routledge companion to research in the arts (pp. 405–425). Routledge.

Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 579–616. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030

Bologna Working Group on Qualifications Frameworks (2005). A framework for qualifications of the European higher education Area. Copenhagen, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. http://ecahe.eu/w/images/7/76/A_Framework_for_Qualifications_for_the_European_Higher_Education_Area.pdf

Borgdorff, H. (2006). The debate on research in the arts. Sensuous Knowledge, 2, 7–21.

Borgdorff, H. 2012. The conflict of the faculties: Perspectives on artistic research and academia. Leiden University Press.

Campbell, K. H. (2013). A call to action: Why we need more practitioner research. Democracy & Education, 21(2), 7. https://democracyeducationjournal.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1133&context=home

Candy, L., & Edmonds, E. (2018). Practice-based research in the creative arts, foundations and futures from the frontline. Leonardo, 51(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_01471

Capjon, J. (2004). Trial-and-Error-based Innovation: Catalysing Shared Engagement in Design Conceptualisation. [Doctoral dissertation]. The Oslo School of Architecture and design.

Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

Cross, N. (2001). Design cognition: Results from protocol and other empirical studies of design activity. In Eastman, C. M. McCracken, W. M., & W. C. Newstetter (Eds.), Design knowing and learning: Cognition in design education (pp. 79–103). Elsevier.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N.K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 1–10). SAGE Publications.

Dewey, J. (1934/2005). Art as experience. Berkley Publishing Group.

Dunin-Woyseth, H., & Nilsson, F. (2012). Doctorateness in design disciplines. FORMAkademisk, 5(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.499

Dunin-Woyseth, H,. & Michl, J. (2001). Towards a disciplinary identity of the making professions: An introduction. In H. Dunin-Woyseth & J. Michl (Eds.), Towards a disciplinary identity of the making professions. (Vol. 4, pp. 1-20). Oslo School of Architecture..

Ellis, C., & Bochner, A. P. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity: Researcher as subject. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 733–768). SAGE Publications.

Elo, M. (2009). Passages of articulation: Art and research touching. In N. Nimkulrat & T. O’Riley (Eds.), Reflections and connections: On the relationship between production and academic research (pp. 19–26). University of Art and Design Helsinki, Finland.

Eriksson, J. (2019). Kalkbruk - krympsprickor och historisk utveckling av material, metoder och förhållningssätt.

[Lime mortar - shrinkage cracks and historical development of materials, methods and approaches]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Gothenburg: Studies in Conservation, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.

Eriksson, L., Seiler, J., Jarefjäll, P., & Almevik, G. (2019). The time-space of craftsmanship. Craft Research Journal, 10(1), 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1386/crre.10.1.17_1

Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1993). Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data. The MIT Press (Original work published 1984)

Eskola, T. (1997). Water lilies and wings of steel: Interpreting change in the photographic imaging of Aulanko park [Doctoral dissertation], University of Art and Design, Helsinki.

Fauske. L. B. (2014). Å etablere et akademisk formingsfaglig miljø. Tilbakeblikk på den tidlige fasen for hovedfag i forming [Developing a research community of art and design education. Looking back at the early phase of the master’s programme in art and design education]. FORMakademisk, 7(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.930

Fauske, L. B. (2016). Reforhandling av kunnskapsgrunnlag. Forskning og fagutvikling med utspring i designdidaktikk. [Renegotiation of knowledge base. Research and professional development originating in design didactics.]. Techne Series A, 23(2), 50–68. https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/techneA/article/view/1560

Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107

Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 327. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061470

Frayling, C. (1994). Research in art and design. Royal College of Art Research Paper, 1(1), 1–9. https://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/384/3/frayling_research_in_art_and_design_1993.pdf

Fredriksen, C. B. (2011). When past and new experiences meet. FORMakademisk, 4(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.128

Glitsch, V. S. (2020). Fit step in ready-to-wear clothing. Towards a reduction of garment disposal in view of sustainability. [Doctoral thesis University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635801

Groth, C. (2017). Making sense through Hands: Design and craft practice analyzed as embodied cognition [Doctoral dissertation, Aalto Arts Books]. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/24839/isbn9789526071305.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Gherardi, S. (2000). Practice-based theorizing on learning and knowing in organizations. Introduction to the special issue on knowing in practice. Organization 7(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/135050840072001

Handling Mind. (n.d.) https://blogs.helsinki.fi/handling-mind/

Hartvik, J. (2014). Det planlagda och det som visar sig: Klasslärarstuderandes syn på undervisning i teknisk slöjd. [The planned and what turns out: The class teacher student's view of teaching technical handicraft.] [Doctoral dissertation, Åbo Akademi University Press]. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-765-717-4

Hasling, K. M. (2015, Oct 23). Learning through materials: Developing materials teaching in design education. [Doctoral thesis], Design School Kolding.

Hasselskog, P. (2010). Slöjdlärares förhållningssätt i undervisningen. [Handicraft teacher's approach in teaching [Doctoral dissertation, Göteborgs universitet, Fakulteten för Utbildningsvetenskap. University of Gothenburg, Studies in Educational Science, 289]. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21997

Høgseth H. B. (2007). Håndverkets redskapskasse: En undersøkelse av kunnskapsutøvelse i lys av arkeologisk bygningstømmer fra 1000-tallet e. Kr. [The craft toolbox: A study of the exercise of knowledge in the light of archaeological timber building from the 1000s AD.] [Doctoral dissertation, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/242854

Ingold, T. (2011). Being alive: Essays on movement, knowledge and description. Routledge.

Jarefjäll, P. (2016). Navarsmide: en metodstudie ur ett hantverksperspektiv. [Navarsmide: a method study from a craft perspective.] [Licensiate thesis: University of Gothenburg, Department of conservation]. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/45888

Jewitt, C. (2011). The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. Routledge.

Johansson, M. (2002). Slöjdpraktik i skolan - hand, tanke, kommunikation och andra medierande redskap. [Handicraft practice in school - hand, thought, communication and other mediating tools.] [Doctoral dissertation. Göteborgs universitet, Fakulteten för Utbildningsvetenskap. University of Gothenburg, Studies in Educational Science, 183]. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15749

Johansson, M. (2018). Doktorsavhandlingar inom det nordiska slöjdfältet. [Doctoral dissertations in the Nordic handicraft field.] Techne Serien A: 25(3), 109–123. https://journals.hioa.no/index.php/techneA/article/view/3031

Johnson, M. (2007). The meaning of the body. Chicago University Press.

Krippendorff, K. (2019). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Kokko, S. (2018). The role of higher education in sustaining culturally significant crafts in Estonia. In S. Walker, M. Evans, M., T. Cassidy, A. T. Holroyd, & J. Jung (Eds.), Design roots. Culturally significant designs, products and practices (pp. 231–242). Bloomsbury Academic.

Kokko, S., Almevik, G., Høgseth, H. & Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. (in press). Mapping the methodologies of the craft sciences in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Craft Research, 11(2).

Källbom, A., Nilsen, A., & Öström, Å. (2019). Olfactory description for refined linseed oils for paints: Characterization for reconstructing material and craft knowledge in paintmaking. Journal of Sensory Studies 34(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/joss.12485

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. Basic Books.

Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.

Lindfors, E. (2002). Tekstiilituotteen teknologiset ominaisuudet. Tekstiilituotteen käyttö ja hoito ominaisuuksien tarkastelu kuluttajan näkökulmasta. [Technological characteristics of the textile product. Examination of the use and care properties of a textile product from the consumer’s point of view]. Publications in Education, 77. University of Joensuu

Livholts, M. (2015a). Untimely academic novella writing. In Livholts, M. & Tamboukou, M. (Eds.), Discourse and narrative methods: Theoretical departures, analytical strategies and situated writing (pp. 177–171). SAGE Publications

Luhmann. N. (2007). Indføring i systemteorien. (Edt: Madsen , C.) København; Unge pædagoger.

McGuirk, J., & Methi, J. (2015). Praktisk kunnskap som profesjonsforskning : Antologi over yrkeserfaringen som utgangspunkt for forståelse av kunnskapsutvikling i praksis. [Practical knowledge as professional research: Anthology of professional experience as a starting point for understanding knowledge development in practice. ] Fagbokforlaget.

Medbo, M. (2016). Lerbaserad erfarenhet och språklighet Clay based experience and languageness [Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Fine, Applied and Performing Arts, University of Gothenburg]. ArtMonitor.

Molander, B. (2015). The practice of knowing and knowing in practices. Peter Lang.

Muukkonen, H., Hakkarainen, K., Inkinen, M., Lonka, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2008, June, 23-28). CASS-methods and tools for investigating higher education knowledge practices. In G. Kanselaar, V. Jonker, P. Kirschner, & F. Prins (Eds.), International perspectives in the learning sciences: Cre8ing a learning world, 2, 107–114. Proceedings of the eight international conference for the learning sciences (ICLS 2008), Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Mäkelä, M. (2007). Knowing through making: The role of the artefact in practice-led research. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 20(3), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12130-007-9028-2

Mäkelä, M., & Nimkulrat, N., (2018). Documentation as a practice-led research tool for reflection on experiential knowledge. FORMAkademisk, 11(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1818

Mäkelä, M. (2016). Personal exploration: Serendipity and intentionality as altering positions in a creative process. FORMakademisk, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1461

Mäkelä, M, Nimkulrat, N., Dash, D. P., & Nsenga, F.-X. (2011) On reflecting and making in artistic research, Journal

of Research Practice, 7(1), Article E1. http://jrp.icaap.org/index.php/jrp/article/view/280/241

Mäkelä, M., & Nimkulrat, N. (2011, May 29-31). Reflection and documentation in practice-led design research. In I. Koskinen, T. Härkäsalmi, R. Mazé, Matthews, B. & Lee, J. J. (Eds.), Making design matter. Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Design Research Conference NORDES, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 120–128.

Mäkelä, M. & Nimkulrat, N. (2018). Documentation as a practice-led research tool for reflection on experiential knowledge. FORMAkademisk, 11(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.1818

Nicolini, D. (2009). Zooming in and out: Studying practices by switching theoretical lenses and trailing connections. Organization Studies 30(12), 1391–1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840609349875

Niedderer, K. (2013). Explorative materiality and knowledge: The role of creative exploration and artefacts in design research. FORMAkademisk, 6(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.651

Nielsen, L. M. (2018). Building making scholarship. FORMakademisk, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.3099

Nimkulrat, N. (2012). Hands-on intellect: Integrating craft practice into design research. International Journal of Design, 6(3), 1–14. http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1228

Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. The MIT press.

Noë, A. (2009). Out of our heads. Hill and Wang.

Nyström, I. (2020). Konstteknologisk källforskning med ett hantverks- och konserveringsvetenskapligt perspektiv. [Art technology source research with a craft and conservation science perspective]. In Eds. Nyström, Knutsson & Palmsköld 2020, Hälsinglands inredningskultur. Mackadam. https://doi.org/10.22188/kriterium.23

Pinnegar, S., & Hamilton, M. L. (2009). Self-study of practice as a genre of qualitative research: Theory, methodology, and practice. Springer.

Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. Doubleday.

Pöllänen, S. (2015). Elements of craft that enhance well-being. Textile craft makers´ descriptions of their leisure activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950351

Refsum, G. (2000). Genuine Christian Modern Art : Present Roman Catholic Directives on Visual Art Seen from an Artist’s Perspective. [Doctoral dissertation, The Oslo School of Architecture and design]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2601253

Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Episodic and semantic knowledge in emotional self-report: Evidence for two judgment processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.198

Riis, K. (2016). Designkundskabens DNA: Udforskning af designkunskab gennem designprocessen Mit DNA. [The DNA of design knowledge: Exploration of design knowledge through the design process My DNA.]

[Doctoral dissertation. The Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU]. https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2393093

Rust, C. Mottram, J., & Till, J. (2007). Review of practice-led research in art, design & architecture. Arts and Humanities Research Council, Bristol, UK. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/7596/1/Pactice-ledReviewNov07.pdf

Sawyer, R. (2006). The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. Cambridge University Press.

Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.

Seiler, J. (2020). Management Regimes for lawns and hedges in historic gardens [Doctoral dissertation, University of Gothenburg, Department of Conservation]. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/62813

Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P., & Hakkarainen, K. (2001). Composition and construction in experts’ and novices’ weaving design. Design Studies, 22(1), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99)00038-1

Sennett, R. (2009). The craftsman. Penguin Books.

Stenslie, S. 2010 Virtual touch: a study of the use and experience of touch in artistic, multimodal and computer-based environments. [Doctoral dissertation, The Oslo School of Architecture and design]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/93049

Solberg, A. (2017). Developing doctorateness in art, design and architecture [Doctoral dissertation no. 15, Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway]. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2442970

Westerlund, T., Groth, C., & Almevik, G. (in press). Craft sciences. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Studies in Conservation.

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. SAGE Publications.

Nedlastinger

Publisert

2020-10-02

Hvordan referere

Riis, K., & Groth, C. (2020). Navigating methodological perspectives in Doctoral research through creative practice: Two examples of research in crafts . FormAkademisk, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.7577/formakademisk.3704

Cited by